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Citizen Lab Traces Zero-Click Candiru Spyware Infections at Al Jazeera to Targeted Online Ads

Candiru, an Israeli maker of spyware sold to governments, infected devices at the news network Al Jazeera through ordinary online ads, in attacks that needed no click or other action from the user, researchers at the Citizen Lab said Thursday. The hidden attack code ran the moment an ad loaded on the screen, and in some cases the ad loaded out of sight, in the background. The Citizen

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Silent Lynx Exploits WinRAR Flaw to Deploy Reverse Shell in CIS Government Attacks

The threat actor known as Silent Lynx has been attributed to a fresh set of attacks targeting government organizations across the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The activity, observed from June 2025 through August 2026, involves four different infection chains that make use of macro-enabled documents, PS2EXE downloaders, GitHub-hosted PowerShell, and crafted WinRAR archives

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Microsoft's new Windows 11 pitch isn't AI. It's a faster, less annoying PC

Microsoft just shared a massive blog post recapping major Windows 11 changes, including new Photos app features, an improved Search experience, expanded phone integration, and gaming improvements.

Many of the changes highlighted by Microsoft have already been announced, or even fully detailed elsewhere. But with Windows 11 in the middle of a significant refresh, gathering them all in one place is useful.

While much of the post focuses on previously known improvements, Microsoft also used it to introduce a few genuinely new additions, including the redesigned Photos app and an Xbox anniversary game bundle for eligible PC buyers.

Here's a quick rundown of the features Microsoft highlighted:

  • New Photos app
  • Advanced Shader Delivery (ASD)
  • Windows 11 performance improvements
    • Faster Start menu
    • Faster File Explorer
    • Faster Search
    • Faster Snipping Tool
    • Faster Settings
    • Memory optimizations
    • Reduced Widgets memory usage
    • Reduced update times
  • Bluetooth and AirPods improvements
  • Windows Hello improvements
  • A push to improve driver quality
  • Expanded Phone Link features
  • Microsoft Ink Canvas
  • Advanced Haptics
  • Improved accessibility

One of the biggest changes is the new Search experience that allows you to perform actions from the taskbar. The new Search is faster, supports inline actions, and lets you perform tasks without opening related apps or settings menus. The new Search is already in testing among Windows Insiders.

Microsoft explains that improvements to Windows 11 results in an experience that feels up to 20 percent more responsive. That improvement comes as the result of several efforts from Microsoft, such as optimizing memory management and streamlining in-box apps.

The company also highlights that Windows 11 is more reliable and customizable than before. Over the past year the Widgets Panel has been cleaned, the taskbar has gained the option to be placed on other parts of your screen, and Windows Update has been improved.

Microsoft specifically highlighted Bluetooth improvements, including AirPods pairing that it says is up to 15 seconds faster.

Windows 11 desktop showing Microsoft's new Search experience with recent files, apps, settings controls, and quick actions available from a Taskbar search panel.

The new Windows Search is faster, more efficient, and supports inline actions. (Image credit: Microsoft)

On the gaming side of things, Advanced Shader Delivery (ASD) reduces the initial load time of games by delivering precompiled shaders. Forza Horizon 6 and Gears of War: E-Day are supported now and more titles should gain support in the future.

The improvements to Windows 11 will help anyone with an up-to-date PC, but it's clear Microsoft is taking the opportunity to suggest people buy a new PC. As part of that effort, the company has an Xbox 25th Anniversary bundle that includes over $500 worth of games. The collection includes several major titles, including Skyrim Special Edition, Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary, Age of Empires II Definitive Edition, Minecraft Dungeons, and Gears of War: Reloaded.

"A new PC is a meaningful purchase, and the value should show up in more than a spec sheet," says Microsoft. "The reason to upgrade is not just one feature; it is how [experiences] work together to make more of your day feel effortless."

Another Microsoft blog post highlights deals as we head into the holidays.

Microsoft shared a commitment to listen to feedback earlier this year. The company followed up with several improvements as part of its Windows K2 initiative. It's taken time for those promises to move from feedback and Insider testing to broader availability, but Windows 11 is now seeing some of its most significant changes in years.

The real question is whether these improvements change buying behavior. Microsoft clearly believes a faster, more reliable Windows experience can help convince people to upgrade.

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Help TDS Linked to Hotejka as 20,000+ Cloudflare Pages Domains Host Tech Support Scams

A long-running Traffic Distribution System (TDS) known as Help TDS to a Russian-language affiliate program called Hotejka, which appears to be a rebrand of a traffic monetization operation dubbed ROI777. Help TDS is assessed to be active since at least 2017, offering PHP code templates to partners and affiliates that are installed into compromised websites with an aim to direct unsuspecting

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Halo: Combat Evolved is running on Nintendo 64 with split-screen multiplayer

This is all becoming very commonplace now, and I am even starting to not be surprised when something like this comes across my feeds. This time, it's Halo: Combat Evolved running on a Nintendo 64, of all things.

The project, known as Halo-64, is playable, but it does require the Nintendo 64 8MB Expansion Pack. You also need a copy of the original Xbox version of Halo: CE to get it working. The setup process seems a bit complicated if you are uncomfortable with the Command Prompt, but the project itself is really cool and appears to be working pretty well.

We are in the midst of pretty unprecedented times, what with all the AI modding happening and Xbox itself essentially jumping on the bandwagon with Xbox Labs. However, there’s currently no indication that this project uses AI, and I thought that was important to mention before I dive into what you can expect from Halo-64.

Halo on the Nintendo 64 shouldn't be possible, yet here we are

Halo-64 title screen on Nintendo 64, showing the multiplayer, Firefight, controls, and settings menu options.

Halo: Combat Evolved on Nintendo 64? Yes, really, and it even comes with Firefight (Image credit: JackTulli | Xbox)

The game supports all 13 multiplayer maps with up to four-player split-screen, including game modes we’ve all come to know and love, like Team Slayer and Capture the Flag. It also supports bots in-game, with up to 8 AI players at four different skill levels. In a nice touch, those bots take random names from a "list of about 300 Mario, Zelda, GoldenEye, and Rare N64 characters."

Most impressively, the game features a Firefight mode. For those who don’t know, Firefight is Halo’s PvE mode featuring wave-based enemies, and it’s something that Halo: Campaign Evolved, the latest remake, doesn’t even have. The port also includes Rumble Pak support, so you can feel the shots and such on your controller.

Unfortunately, there’s no campaign, and I’d be surprised if we ever did get something like that. It’s crazy enough that we get multiplayer and Firefight, but Halo: CE’s campaign on a Nintendo 64? Now I do think that would be impossible.

I do love little projects like this, and I’ve been doing my best lately to highlight community-driven Halo creations, whether it’s Halo 5 on PC, Halo 3’s resurgence thanks to a new launcher, or Campaign Evolved getting multiplayer. It’s clear now more than ever that Halo’s community is what is driving the game forward, at least until we see what Activision cooks up with the franchise.

Do let me know your thoughts on Halo-64 in the comments, and don’t forget to take part in the poll above!

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Is AI pentesting as good as a human pentester?

AI pentesting can uncover vulnerabilities missed by human testers, but it also has limitations in consistency, risk assessment, and understanding business context. Intruder compares the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches and explains where AI agents can improve security testing. [...]
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Microsoft Edge may ditch Favorites for Bookmarks

Microsoft Edge may not have a Favorites bar after a future update. The browser may instead feature a collection of bookmarks instead. The change would bring Edge more in line with Chrome, which could help people transitioning from Google's browser to Microsoft's.

The change appears now in the Canary version of Microsoft Edge, which suggests it will make its way to the stable version of the browser at some point in the future. Leo Varela, who tracks changes to Edge and Chrome, spotted the change and highlighted it on X.

Varela also noted that the switch could be made to make Edge appear more like Chrome.

Microsoft might rename "Favorites" to "Bookmarks" in Edge. I suppose this aims to make the browser feel more familiar to users switching from Chrome to Edge. This change is already being tested in Canary: https://t.co/DmBSVj4IQPOctober 15, 2026

I'm curious if people are even aware that Edge has Favorites rather than bookmarks. Even if you click the star icon in Edge to add a site as a favorite and then place that site in the Favorites bar, the user interface looks almost identical to bookmarks in Chrome or other Chromium browsers.

Edge still has a poor reputation

In this photo illustration a Microsoft Edge logo of a web browser developed by Microsoft is seen on a smartphone and a pc screen.

Many people assume Microsoft Edge is a worse browser than Chrome and do not try Edge themselves. (Image credit: Getty Images | SOPA)

This week I was speaking with a friend about Microsoft Edge and was somewhat surprised to hear them say it was a bad browser. I was actually more surprised that they had an opinion of the browser at all.

If you hop into our comment section or into subreddits full of tech enthusiasts, you'll often see people say something to the effect of "Edge is a fine browser; it's basically Chrome with a Microsoft paintjob."

But in my experience, that opinion is not held by non-techy users. In the rare instances that browser preferences come up in my everyday conversations, most people I speak with still connect Edge to Internet Explorer or just assume Edge is worse than Chrome.

I know Chrome gets a lot of hate around these parts, but the reality is that it's the world's most-used browser. Statcounter shows Chrome at a 66.36% market share right now. That tramples second-place Safari, which sits at 18.27%. Edge is in third place with a 6.04% market share.

That picture changes when exclusively looking at mobile devices. Chrome is even more dominant and Edge has essentially no mobile market share.

With Chrome being the de-facto standard for browsing, it's wise to make Edge look similar to Chrome. Microsoft needs to differentiate Edge in some ways, but Favorites versus Bookmarks is not one of them.

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Gears of War: E-Day adds Ranked Versus alongside a huge patch with game fixes

Gears of War: E-Day is off to a fantastic start. The game has hit the top of the charts across the globe, becoming the second biggest Xbox launch this year, and that’s without even mentioning how well it has been reviewed across the board, including here on Windows Central.

I’m not here to hype up how great the game is; fans who’ve played it already know that much. Instead, I’m here to explain the latest updates. The Coalition, the game’s developer, took to X to reveal that the game is finally getting Ranked Versus. The team says:

“It's time to lock-in, Gears. Ranked Versus is available now in E-Day... Gather your squad, choose from four playlists - Demolition, Crucible, Conquest, and Team Deathmatch, and grind your Rank for exclusive rewards.”

The Coalition rolls out dozens of E-Day fixes

Gears of War: E-Day graphic, showing the games logo, and the date of when the patch notes released

(Image credit: The Coalition)

The introduction of Ranked Versus came with a caveat, however. The Coalition quickly noticed an issue with placement matches that resulted in some players being placed in the wrong skill division. That issue has now been addressed, so placement matches should accurately determine your rank moving forward.

That’s not all, either. Alongside the new mode, the team has deployed a second patch for the game that addresses a range of bugs impacting the entire experience. I’ll do my best to highlight the ones I think are most important.

On PC, Xbox, and handhelds, the patch includes numerous improvements to stability and optimization across devices. It also makes multiple memory improvements to address crashing and performance degradation during long play sessions.

It also addresses multiple account linking and login issues, fixes problems with the Social Menu and friends list, and makes further improvements to server anti-cheat protection. Plus, it fixes an issue causing certain colorblind settings to not display as described, and in both Campaign and Horde Siege, it corrects multiple issues causing certain Weapon Mods to not perform as intended.

What about the story mode?

Armored sci-fi soldiers take cover beneath a steel bridge, firing toward enemies amid flames, smoke, and wreckage in a tense urban battle.

(Image credit: Xbox Game Studios)

For Campaign players specifically, the patch fixes multiple issues causing parts of the War Journal and Achievement progress not to track, which is something that actually happened to me in my playthrough. It is worth mentioning, however, that missing collectibles are unable to be automatically re-granted.

Players will be able to see which collectibles are missing in order to re-collect them. Similarly, missing in-game rewards, such as skins and titles earned through Campaign completion, cannot be automatically re-granted. To work around this, players can start a new campaign from a completed mission and replay that mission to re-earn the missing rewards.

You can, of course, read the full patch notes linked here. For now, though, that’s the update. It’s great to see The Coalition hot on the heels of the launch with these updates, addressing important issues. When I played the campaign, I did come across a few bugs here and there, but nothing game-breaking.

Let me know your thoughts on E-Day’s patch notes and the introduction of Ranked Versus in the comments.

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The best AR glasses you can buy just got a major display upgrade

XREAL just announced a refresh to the best AR glasses on the market. The newly announced XREAL 1 Pro+ is brighter than last year's model and features enhancements to improve image quality.

XREAL carved a niche in the wearable space with its glasses that let you enjoy content on a massive digital screen that you can take anywhere. We've covered XREAL products for years, including the XREAL Air 2 Pro, XREAL One Pro, and XREAL Beam Pro, which enhances XREAL AR glasses by adding support for Android apps.

The XREAL 1 Pro+ builds on the XREAL One Pro, retaining a 57-degree field of view and support for 3DoF (three degrees of freedom) spatial viewing. The new AR glasses are much brighter than their predecessor.

The biggest upgrade on paper is the jump from 700 nits to 1,200 nits of brightness. We've found display quality to be one of the most important factors when evaluating AR glasses.

In our XREAL One Pro review, we said you should buy a pair if you want a "bright, beautiful, and private display for all your devices." We'll have to test the XREAL 1 Pro+ but the official specifications suggest it's brighter and more beautiful than its predecessor.

XREAL added support for AI HDR to improve perceived image quality, though that feature is limited to certain types of content.

The 2D-to-3D conversion of the glasses, which adds depth to normal 2D content, has had its refresh rate improved from 30Hz to 60Hz.

The XREAL 1 Pro+ also has a new ergonomic nose pad that is supposed to make the glasses more comfortable during extended sessions.

You can order the XREAL 1 Pro+ starting today for $599. The launch is through XREAL's website, but XREAL glasses have become available through Amazon and Best Buy in the past, so it's reasonable to expect the XREAL 1 Pro+ to appear at other retailers.

At the time of publication, the XREAL 1 Pro+ glasses had not appeared on the XREAL website. I will update this piece once they are available for purchase.

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NGINX Fixes 5 Flaws, Including Possible RCE and a TLS Bug That May Skip Client-Cert Checks

NGINX released versions 1.30.6 and 1.31.7 on October 14 to fix five vulnerabilities, one of them present in every release since May 2005. There are three memory bugs that F5, the company behind NGINX, says could crash a worker process or possibly let an attacker run code, and each requires a specific configuration to exploit. A fourth lets an attacker forge a TLS session that could

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Next.js Ships Out-of-Band Patch for Two Critical RCE Flaws in Caching and SVG Processing

Next.js released an out-of-band security update on October 14 that fixes two critical flaws allowing unauthenticated remote code execution, along with a high-severity denial-of-service flaw. One code-execution flaw is in React Server Components, and the other in librsvg, the open-source library Next.js uses through the sharp package to handle SVG images. The fixes are in

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Drupal Patches Critical Field UI Flaw With Unauthenticated RCE Path via Contributed Modules

Drupal core has a critical flaw in its Field UI module that could let an attacker run code on the site's server, and fixes were shipped on October 14 in Drupal 11.4.10, 11.3.19, and 10.6.19. An attacker cannot reach the flaw through core alone, the Drupal Security Team said in its advisory. Several exploit paths exist through contributed modules, and at least one known path needs no login.

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RTX Spark tested: Strong GPU, just okay CPU

RTX Spark is finally here. After years of rumors, NVIDIA has re-entered the Windows silicon game with the MediaTek N1X, a tailor-made 18/20-core SoC with 5,120 or 6,144 GPU cores, up to 128GB of unified memory, and a heck of a lot of power for apps, games, and AI experiences under the hood.

It's not every day that Windows gains a new silicon partner, which is why everyone seems to be involved with ensuring this launch goes as smoothly as possible. Microsoft has worked closely with NVIDIA on optimizing the Windows platform, especially for RTX Spark, and third-party app vendors like Adobe, Blender, anti-cheat software, and more have mobilized to optimize their products and frameworks for the new chipset.

But the big play with RTX Spark is on-device AI. LLMs and agentic workflows have become all the craze over the last year, and NVIDIA believes the RTX Spark is the first chipset for Windows that has been designed from the ground up for running local AI experiences locally and securely, without sacrificing performance.

NVIDIA has 6 hardware partners lined up to ship RTX Spark hardware starting this week, and all of them are aimed at the high-end content creator or developer crowd. NVIDIA has set its sights on competing head-to-head with the MacBook Pro, and is eager to win over AI developers who flocked to that platform thanks to Apple Silicon.

I've been testing out the top configuration of RTX Spark over the last week on a Surface Laptop Ultra, and here's what I discovered it's good at, and what it's not so good at. FYI, today's embargo only allows us to detail the RTX Spark's performance and benchmarks, not the Surface Laptop Ultra itself. So battery life, thermal performance, and laptop-specific variables are not included in this piece. That information will be shared in the full laptop review, coming soon.

NVIDIA RTX Spark Overview

NVIDIA RTX Spark

(Image credit: NVIDIA)

If you're looking for a quick rundown of what RTX Spark is and how it compares, here's what you need to know:

RTX Spark is a powerful SoC with good CPU performance and great GPU performance. Its CPU is comparable to the Apple M4 Pro and Qualcomm's Snapdragon X2 Elite, with multi-thread performance being its stronger asset in the CPU department, though it trails behind the Apple M4 Max and Snapdragon X2 Elite Extreme.

The GPU is the star of the show, with great performance thanks to its 6,144 GPU cores that deliver smooth framerates (with help from DLSS and framegen), faster rendering times, and very capable AI performance. Its quantized INT8 tensor execution, unified memory sharing, and computer vision acceleration easily leapfrog mobile discrete GPUs in its power class for AI workflows, which it excels at.

I don't believe RTX Spark is for everyone. It's very good at key things, and shines primarily for those who are knee-deep in local AI workflows and experiences. If you're not a mobile content creator, software developer, or utilize local LLMs often, RTX Spark probably isn't for you.

Mobile efficiency varies depending on power profile. The GPU is hungry and will drain power fast when at full pelt, but in day-to-day usage that only occasionally leans on the GPU, it should last the workday. The good news is, you should see the same performance regardless of plugged-in state.

Compared with most integrated Snapdragon, Intel, and AMD systems, RTX Spark is substantially faster in AI image generation and local inference, while matching or approaching dedicated RTX 4070/5060/5070 class GPU performance in most workloads outside of AI.

The latest generation of high-end Apple Silicon retains an advantage in peak single-thread CPU performance, but RTX Spark’s strength is its GPU, with TensorRT execution and high-speed memory providing advantages in diffusion, quantized models, and sequential data access.

RTX Spark configurations

Specification

RTX Spark N1X (5120-core GPU)

RTX Spark N1X (6144-core GPU)

CPU Configuration

18 cores (9x Cortex-X925 + 9x Cortex-A725)

20 cores (10x Cortex-X925 + 10x Cortex-A725)

Max Performance Core Clock

3.9 GHz

4.0–4.1 GHz

Max Efficiency Core Clock

2.8 GHz

2.8 GHz

GPU Architecture

Blackwell RTX

Blackwell RTX

CUDA Cores

5,120

6,144

Streaming Multiprocessors (SMs)

40

48

RT Cores

4th Generation

4th Generation

Tensor Cores

5th Generation

5th Generation

Unified Memory Type

LPDDR5X

LPDDR5X

Memory Interface

256-bit / 16-channel

256-bit / 16-channel

Memory Speed

Up to 9,400 Mbps

Up to 9,400 Mbps

Peak Memory Bandwidth

Up to 300 GB/s

Up to 300 GB/s

NVLink-C2C Bandwidth

600 GB/s bidirectional

600 GB/s bidirectional

Display Support

HDMI 2.1a, DisplayPort 2.0 over USB4

HDMI 2.1a, DisplayPort 2.0 over USB4

Process Technology

TSMC 3nm (CPU & GPU dies)

TSMC 3nm (CPU & GPU dies)

Configurable SoC TDP

45–80W

45–140W

NVIDIA RTX Spark CPU Performance

NVIDIA Spark processor render highlighting a computer chip

(Image credit: NVIDIA)

The RTX Spark CPU was co-designed by NVIDIA and MediaTek. The N1X, as it's known, comes in either 18- or 20-core configurations and is relatively efficient while delivering good performance. With that said, it's not leading in its class, leaving something to be desired when it comes to raw benchmarks.

In Cinebench 2026, the 20-core N1X achieved a single-core score of 558 and a multi-core score of 6,885. To put that into perspective, its single-core score beats the first-gen Snapdragon X Elite X1E-80-100 at 519, but falls short compared to Qualcomm's Snapdragon X2 Elite Extreme, which achieves a score of 662 for single-core. Multi-core fares better, with a score of 6,885, which is only just behind the X2 Elite Extreme and Apple M4 Max.

Cinebench Scores (Best Performance)

Cinebench 2026 Test

Plugged In Result

Unplugged Result

CPU (Multi Core)

6,885 pts

6,844 pts

CPU (Single Core)

558 pts

554 pts

MP Ratio

12.33 x

12.35 x

These scores do place it ahead of Intel's and AMD's latest flagship mobile workstation chips, but the chipset simply doesn't compete with Apple's latest Max chips, consistently trailing behind the Apple M4 Max and the M3 Ultra. This is a little disappointing given that the RTX Spark is directly targeting Apple Silicon.

It's a similar story with our Geekbench 7 results, achieving a single-core score of 2,718 and a multi-core score of 23,571. It's clear that multi-core performance is the N1X's stronger asset, competing with the likes of the Apple M4 Pro or Intel Core Ultra 9 285K, and is well ahead of the last-gen Snapdragon X Elite and Intel Lunar Lake, as it should be.

Geekbench Scores (Best Performance)

Geekbench 7.1

Plugged In Result

Unplugged Result

CPU (Multi Core)

23,571

23,879

CPU (Single Core)

2,710

2024

Outside of benchmarks, in day-to-day use the N1X feels fine. This isn't a slow CPU by any means, and will chew through even complex workflows with no sweat. Most day-to -day apps are Arm native these days, but for the few that do require Microsoft's Prism emulation layer, you won't even notice it. RTX Spark makes it so emulated apps feel just like native ones.

All our benchmarks were run with the Best Performance setting enabled, and in our tests we ran them a number of times in both plugged-in and unplugged states to see if there's any performance drop when away from a wall outlet. The good news is the RTX Spark delivers pretty much the same power regardless of plugged-in state, which mimics Apple Silicon.

NVIDIA RTX Spark GPU Performance

RTX Spark running Gears of War E Day

Gears of War E-Day running on RTX Spark (Image credit: Zac Bowden / Windows Central)

The star of the show with RTX Spark is the Blackwell RTX GPU with either 5,120 or 6,144 cores. We benchmarked the top-end, 6,144-core configuration for these benchmarks, and it does impress, outputting performance in workflows like video editing, model rendering, and gaming similar to an RTX 4070 or 5060, but in an efficient package with all-day battery life.

For what is essentially an integrated GPU, it outputs dedicated GPU performance in pretty much all workflows. But it really excels at AI workflows, especially when optimized for tensor and CUDA.

The 128GB configuration is set to split that memory evenly between system RAM and the GPU, meaning in our default configuration and for how we ran most of our benchmarks, the GPU had 64GB of video RAM to make use of. In this configuration, it's more than capable for most tasks, with the only exception being running AI models that surpass this size. In that situation, you can allocate more memory to the GPU so that it will fit.

In our 3DMark tests, we found that the RTX Spark performs similarly to an RTX 4070. It's very capable at 1440p gaming with high settings in most titles, though more demanding games will need to lean on DLSS and frame generation for smooth 60+ FPS gaming. In most titles we benchmarked, games ran without a hitch and looked great.

Benchmark

Target Resolution & API

Overall Score

Graphics Score

CPU Score

Test Framerates

3DMark Time Spy

1440p (DirectX 12)

12,771

12,368

15,669

GT1: 81.68 FPS, GT2: 70.11 FPS, CPU: 52.64 FPS

3DMark Time Spy Extreme

4K UHD (DirectX 12)

5,857

5,972

5,281

GT1: 37.77 FPS, GT2: 35.19 FPS, CPU: 66.30 FPS

3DMark Steel Nomad

4K UHD (DirectX 12 Heavy)

3,064

3,064

N/A

Graphics Test: 30.65 FPS

3DMark Speed Way (Run 1)

1440p (DirectX 12 Ultimate / DXR)

3,011

3,011

N/A

Graphics Test: 30.12 FPS

3DMark Speed Way (Run 2)

1440p (DirectX 12 Ultimate / DXR)

2,985

2,985

N/A

Graphics Test: 29.85 FPS

Gaming is not the main reason to buy an RTX Spark laptop, but it is an additional benefit. It's the first Windows on Arm platform that does gaming relatively well, supporting the usual breadth of gaming technologies and frameworks such as:

  • Ray tracing
  • DLSS 5
  • Multi Frame Generation
  • Neural Rendering
  • Reflex
  • G-SYNC
  • RTX Remix

Most games run under emulation on RTX Spark, as the platform is Arm64, and most games are compiled for x86. However, in most titles, this isn't a problem. Most mainstream anti-cheat software is now compatible with Windows on Arm, and the Prism emulation layer has been tuned specifically for RTX Spark to ensure most games run without a hitch, though there are exceptions.

Some games, such as Red Dead Redemption 2, will require you to change settings to get them to run successfully. For example, by default Red Dead Redemption 2 was set to run with Vulkan, which caused it to crash at launch. Switching it to DirectX12 fixed this for me. Most games run without needing to change any settings first, however.

Cyberpunk 2077 benchmark
Zac Bowden / Windows Central
Game running on at high settings on RTX Spark
Zac Bowden / Windows Central
Game running on at high settings on RTX Spark
Zac Bowden / Windows Central
Game running on at high settings on RTX Spark
Zac Bowden / Windows Central

I tried Cyberpunk 2077, which runs pretty well right out of the box. The game analyzed my system and decided that Ray Traced Ultra settings were a perfect fit for the RTX Spark. Running at 1440p with frame gen enabled, the game was easily able to maintain 60fps while looking good doing it with these graphics settings enabled.

Shadow of the Tomb Raider also works great, but it takes quite a while to actually load up. But once the game is running and you're in-game, it looks great and runs well above 60fps at high settings at 1440p. Marvel's Spider-Man 2 and The Witcher 3 Remastered ran without a hitch, reaching close to 90fps in high settings at 1440p.

For content creators, RTX Spark is a great choice. Whether you are editing photos or rendering videos using apps like Adobe Photoshop and Premiere Pro, or rendering 3D environments in Blender, the RTX Spark is well suited for those tasks.

RTX Spark

Photoshop supports on-device AI models on RTX Spark (Image credit: Zac Bowden / Windows Central)

Adobe and NVIDIA say the Adobe Creative Cloud Suite has been optimized specifically for RTX Spark. These optimizations include:

  • Photoshop on-device AI object removal
  • Premiere Pro TensorRT acceleration
  • Blender support for DLSS 4.5 Ray Reconstruction

When it comes to video rendering times, the RTX Spark trails the current-gen RTX 50 series GPUs. We benchmarked it against three other laptops with an RTX 5060, 5070 Ti, and 5080, in which it trailed the RTX 5060 in video rendering performance, finishing a few seconds later in most instances. In this benchmark, we ran Premiere Pro Beta, as that version includes necessary optimizations for RTX Spark.

Premiere Pro Export Times

Export Profile (Seconds ↓)

Surface Laptop Ultra
(RTX Spark)

Lenovo Yoga Pro 9
(RTX 5060 8GB)

ASUS Zephyrus G14
(RTX 5070 Ti 12GB)

Lenovo LEGION 9
(RTX 5080 16GB)

H.264 Export (1 GPU)

42.002 s

32.111 s

39.403 s

20.218 s

H.264 Export (Pass 2)

34.415 s

26.003 s

33.532 s

18.401 s

H.264 UHD Export (1 GPU)

81.419 s

64.140 s

71.918 s

40.235 s

H.264 UHD Export (Pass 2)

66.496 s

52.301 s

59.536 s

34.253 s

Dedicated GPU performance can vary depending on laptop chassis size, cooling solution, and thermal envelope, which is why the 5070 Ti frequently trailed the 5060 in our testing.

The RTX Spark GPU is very performant and is capable of pretty much handling anything you'd want to throw at it on a mobile workstation. Where it really shines, however, is running local AI models directly on it. It's the reason NVIDIA built this platform to begin with, and it does this very well.

We ran several Procyon AI benchmarks to see how well the GPU performs when running on-device AI workflows. Text generation LLMs ran very fast, with Spark delivering responsive time-to-first-token results, including 0.27 seconds on Phi and 0.39 seconds on LLaMA3, but its sustained decoding rates trail higher-wattage discrete GPUs.

On-device text generation benchmarks

Model

Overall Score

Tokens / Second

Time to First Token (s)

Model Load Time (s)

Phi-3.5-mini

2,615

72.21

0.27

0.66

Mistral 7B

2,276

53.07]

0.47

0.96

Llama 3.1 8B

2,251

49.44

0.40

1.50

Llama 2 13B

2,108

27.44

0.84

1.69

But quantized AI performance is where RTX Spark truly leads. In Stable Diffusion 1.5 INT8, the RTX Spark scored 11,294 and generated images in 2.77 seconds, substantially outperforming the tested RTX 5080, RTX 5070 Ti, and RTX 5060, on which we ran the same tests.

Stable Diffusion Benchmarks

Model Profile & Metric

Surface Laptop Ultra
(RTX Spark)

Lenovo Yoga Pro 9
(RTX 5060 8GB)

ASUS Zephyrus G14
(RTX 5070 Ti 12GB)

Lenovo LEGION 9
(RTX 5080 16GB)

SD 1.5 FP16 - Total Duration

67.55 s

69.70 s

107.73 s

44.59 s

SD 1.5 FP16 - Speed

4.222 img/s

4.356 img/s

6.733 img/s

2.787 img/s

SD 1.5 FP16 - Average UNet

23.986 it/s

23.265 it/s

15.070 it/s

36.426 it/s

SD 1.5 INT8 - Total Duration

22.14 s

138.74 s

101.83 s

440.19 s

SD 1.5 INT8 - Speed

2.767 img/s

17.342 s/img

12.729 img/s

55.024 s/img

SD 1.5 INT8 - Average UNet

19.158 it/s

2.949 it/s

4.043 it/s

0.927 it/s

SDXL FP16 - Total Duration

400.82 s

499.37 s

735.47 s

303.68 s

SDXL FP16 - Speed

25.051 s/img

31.211 s/img

45.967 s/img

18.980 s/img

SDXL FP16 - Average UNet

4.028 it/s

3.331 it/s

2.196 it/s

5.321 it/s

AI Workflows

The GPU is best suited for running large on-device AI models such as Qwen 3.8 27B, Gemma 4 31B, or even 120B-parameter models such as Nemotron or GPT-OSS.

NVIDIA is touting local agentic capabilities with this GPU, leaning on apps like Hermes Agent and OpenClaw to achieve this. We tested Hermes Agent, as OpenClaw failed to connect to the gateway once setup was complete.

The selling point of running LLMs and agents locally is that you are no longer constrained by usage limits or the amount of tokens you have available. When the AI runs locally, it's yours. You can run it for as long and as hard as you like.

RTX Spark

120B parameter models can fit entirely on the RTX Spark's GPU, significantly speeding up LLM performance. (Image credit: Zac Bowden / Windows Central)

It's also good for security and privacy reasons. You may have confidential documents, audio recordings, intellectual property that you need summarized or explained to you, and feeding that data to a cloud-based LLM or agent is giving that data away to the host.

With RTX Spark, you can feed whatever data or task you want to your local AI running off the GPU, and that data will never leave the device. You can build up your own personal agent that is capable of managing your local files, creating documents, making edits, and in some cases even controlling your PC.

Hermes Agent is a great tool for beginners, as it offers local AI compute experiences and makes setting it up a breeze. You open the app, choose to run AI locally, and it recommends the best model for the specs you have. Once downloaded, you're good to start chatting with your own AI locally.

RTX Spark

Instead of using up tokens in the cloud, local AI leans on the GPU for processing. Unlimited power! (Image credit: Zac Bowden / Windows Central)

Hermes Agent is particularly good at automating tasks. The first thing I did was tell it to clean up and organize my large, cluttered downloads folder. It moved images to my photos library, deleting any old executables, and organizing and categorizing PDFs and Word documents appropriately. It did all this without sending any of my data to the cloud, all processed by the GPU.

I also asked it to build me a basic website that included all my benchmark results so that I could refer back to them more easily. It ran that process entirely off my GPU, and came up with a pretty nice looking webpage design in the process. Zero cloud-based tokens used:

Webpage generated on RTX Spark

The webpage that the Qwen 3.8 27B parameter model created using Hermes Agent. (Image credit: Zac Bowden / Windows Central)

NVIDIA has even built MCP support into NVIDIA Broadcast and NVIDIA Control Panel, allowing you to hook it up to your local LLM and issue commands that allow it to configure your NVIDIA PC's settings.

Windows and RTX Spark

Get Started app offering AI agent apps

The Get Started app on RTX Spark includes a step to automate installing agent apps. (Image credit: Microsoft)

In addition to raw CPU and GPU performance, Microsoft has worked closely with NVIDIA to optimize RTX Spark for Windows 11. This partnership runs deep, and there are a lot of things going on behind the scenes that will aid the performance of Windows and support for apps on RTX Spark over the coming months and years.

For those unboxing a new RTX Spark laptop this fall, the Get Started app on Windows 11 will present a step that makes downloading and installing apps that can handle AI agents super easy. Hermes Agent will even go a step further and recommend a suitable model to download once up and running, meaning the user has to do zero research to get started.

With that said, I still find these recommended apps quite complex and convoluted. Many beginners will feel overwhelmed by these apps, especially OpenClaw, which I could not get working properly after it failed to open a gateway to allow the AI model to communicate with the OpenClaw chat interface.

Hermes Agent does automate setting up your first local agent.

Hermes Agent does automate setting up your first local agent. (Image credit: Zac Bowden / Windows Central)

Microsoft has optimized the system scheduler specifically for RTX Spark to squeeze out as much performance across Windows, menu flyouts, app launches, and more as possible. It has also made changes and enhancements to how Windows handles unified memory so that it's faster and more reliable at feeding that memory to where you need it.

TensorRT is now supported by Windows ML, and DirectX 12 has neural rendering support. The Prism emulation layer has also been tuned for RTX Spark, which results in emulated apps that simply do not feel like they are being emulated.

Microsoft is also keen to position Windows as the platform for local AI and agentic workflows. It has built safeguards and security into the Windows platform to ensure the local agents you run on Windows aren't capable of making severe changes or causing damage to your files, apps, and more.

This is a direct attempt at combating the sudden rise in local AI developers flocking to the Mac. Apple has made little optimizations to macOS to adopt and safeguard local AI and agentic workflows on that platform, whereas Microsoft is moving to make agents a native extension of the Windows platform.

RTX Spark is a Copilot+ PC certified chip, but you won't find any Copilot+ PC features at launch. Microsoft says it's working with NVIDIA to bring features like Windows Recall, Click To Do, and on-device Semantic Search to the RTX Spark platform in the coming months, which will run off the RTX Spark's 50 TOPS NPU.

Conclusion

NVIDIA RTX Spark

(Image credit: NVIDIA)

RTX Spark is a super interesting chipset. It's forward leaning in a lot of ways, built on the Arm64 architecture that delivers serious performance and great efficiency. While its N1X CPU is just okay, its Blackwell RTX GPU really shines.

This is the first time we've seen RTX 4070-5070 level performance in an SoC that is this small and efficient. It's optimized for AI workloads, which is its strongest workflow by far. Quantized AI models run great, and with up to 128GB of unified memory, most mainstream models will fit entirely on the GPU without a hitch.

It's also great for content creators, and is very capable at gaming also. But at the prices that these devices are launching at, I think most people would be better served getting an Intel or AMD laptop with a dedicated NVIDIA GPU instead, as these often cost less than the cheapest RTX Spark laptops right now.

But if your workflow involves running AI models locally all day, software development, or complex data crunching and source code management, the RTX Spark is one of the better choices in the Windows space right now, especially for laptops that are thin-ish and (relatively) lightweight.

These RTX Spark laptops are more efficient and portable than typical laptops with a dedicated NVIDIA GPU, which is one of the key benefits of an SoC like this. The power this GPU outputs, for what is essentially integrated graphics, should not be understated.

Of course, just how efficient RTX Spark is will depend entirely on the hardware you choose to buy, as OEMs are free to feed the GPU more or less power depending on the chassis and thermal envelope. Keep that in mind.

Benchmarks

All benchmarks ran on RTX Spark 20-core CPU configuration with 128GB RAM and 6,144 GPU cores. All tests ran connected to power with Best Performance profile enabled, unless stated otherwise. We are still running benchmarks and new tests, and will update accordingly.

Geekbench 7 CPU

Geekbench 7.1.0 Pro (AArch64) Workload

Surface Laptop Ultra Score

ASUS ProArt P16

Single-Core Score

2,710

2,717

Multi-Core Score

23,571

23,833

Geekbench 7 GPU

Geekbench 7.1 GPU

CUDA Score

Surface Laptop Ultra

186098

ASUS ProArt P16

187547

Cinebench 2026

Cinebench 2026 Test

Surface Laptop Ultra

ASUS ProArt P16

CPU (Multi Core)

6,885 pts

6,742 pts

CPU (Single Core)

558 pts

554 pts

Procyon Office

Procyon Office Productivity Application

Score

Office Productivity Overall Score

7,024

Microsoft Word Score

7,160

Microsoft Excel Score

7,440

Microsoft PowerPoint Score

7,904

Microsoft Outlook Score

4,761

Procyon Essentials

Procyon Essentials Workload

Score

Essentials Overall Score

4,863

App Startup Score

5,382

Web Browsing Score

4,346

Browser Tabs Score

6,130

File Operations Score

5,013

Video Conferencing Score

5,015

Procyon Photo Editing

Procyon Photo Editing Subtest

Score

Photo Editing Overall Score

6,801

Image Retouching Score

9,398

Batch Processing Score

4,922

Procyon Video Rendering

Procyon Video Editing v1.5 Export Test

Time / Score

Video Editing Overall Score

29,595

Export H.264 Full HD (Test 1 - GPU Effects)

42.00 s

Export H.264 Full HD (Test 2)

34.42 s

Export H.264 UHD 4K (Test 1 - GPU Effects)

81.42 s

Export H.264 UHD 4K (Test 2)

66.50 s

Procyon Text Generation

Model

Overall Score

Tokens / Second

Time to First Token (s)

Model Load Time (s)

Phi-3.5-mini

2,615

72.21

0.27

0.66

Mistral 7B

2,276

53.07

0.47

0.96

Llama 3.1 8B

2,251

49.44

0.40

1.50

Llama 2 13B

2,108

27.44

0.84

1.69

Procyon Image Generation

Model & Precision

Score

Speed (s / image)

Total Time Taken (s)

Stable Diffusion 1.5 (FP16)

1,480

4.22

67.55

Stable Diffusion 1.5 (INT8)

11,294

2.77

22.14

Stable Diffusion XL (FP16)

1,496

25.05

400.82

Procyon Vision Benchmark

Vision Model Workload

Throughput / Inferences per Second

Overall Score

3,997

ConvNeXt Overall Throughput

1,901.71 inf/s

Segment Anything 2.1 Decoder

806.86 inf/s

Segment Anything 2.1 Encoder

58.90 inf/s

BLIP Encoder

421.58 inf/s

BLIP Decoder

409.50 inf/s

DETR

225.04 inf/s

Real-ESRGAN

16.58 inf/s

Procyon Benchmark Compiarons

Benchmark Suite / Test

Surface Laptop Ultra
(RTX Spark)

Lenovo Yoga Pro 9
(RTX 5060)

ASUS Zephyrus G14
(RTX 5070 Ti)

Lenovo LEGION 9
(RTX 5080)

Video Editing (v15 Score)

29,595

38,262

32,096

58,497

AI Computer Vision 2 Overall

3,997

2,690

2,578

4,946

AI Image Gen: SD 1.5 FP16

1,480

1,434

928

2,242

AI Image Gen: SD 1.5 INT8

11,294

1,801

2,454

567

AI Image Gen: SDXL FP16

1,496

1,201

815

1,975

AI Text Gen: Phi

2,615

2,759

1,783

4,005

AI Text Gen: Mistral

2,276

2,482

1,516

3,498

AI Text Gen: LLaMA 3

2,251

2,407

1,457

3,472

AI Text Gen: LLaMA 2

2,108

249

1,350

3,360

Essentials (Overall Score)

4,863

4,931

4,128

4,754

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